A Contribution-Oriented Self-Directed Mobile Learning Ecology Approach to Improving EFL Students’ Vocabulary Retention and Second Language Motivation

Wang, Z., Hwang, G. J., Yin, Z., & Ma, Y. (2020). A Contribution-oriented self-directed mobile learning ecology approach to improving EFL students’ vocabulary retention and second language motivation. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 23(1), 16-29.


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